Why It Matters

Pre-harvest sprouting in wheat causes serious financial and quality losses when rain triggers germination before harvest. This problem is common in the Eastern Free State, Eastern Cape and Southern Cape where rainfall often coincides with harvest. The project matters because it helps identify and promote wheat cultivars that are more tolerant to sprouting, protecting farmers from yield and quality losses. It also establishes much needed local capacity to routinely screen cultivars for tolerance using rainfall simulator equipment and laboratory assays. By strengthening research collaboration and preparing for climate variability, the project supports a more resilient South African wheat industry.

Research Approach

The research approach combines field trials, controlled experiments and laboratory analysis to evaluate pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in South African wheat cultivars. Wheat ears are collected from multi-site cultivar evaluation trials in the Eastern and Western Cape. These are tested in a rainfall simulator to mimic natural conditions and assess sprouting response. Visual scoring of sprouting is compared with laboratory-based measurements such as the Hagberg falling number and alpha amylase enzyme activity. This correlation ensures accurate screening. The project builds capacity by establishing equipment, standard protocols and collaborations that enable routine testing across diverse environments and seasons.

Research Impact to Farmers

The project helps farmers by reducing the risk of financial loss caused by pre-harvest sprouting. When wheat sprouts before harvest the grain quality drops and buyers downgrade or reject it, leaving farmers with lower income. By identifying cultivars that are more tolerant to sprouting and making screening a routine part of breeding programmes, farmers gain access to varieties that can withstand rain during harvest. This gives them more reliable yields, protects grain quality for milling and baking, and strengthens their resilience against unpredictable weather. In the long run, it supports more stable and profitable wheat production in South Africa.

Collaborators & Research Leads

Project Leads
• Prof Pieter Swanepoel

Collaborating Institutions
• Stellenbosch University
• University of Fort Hare
• Western Cape Department of Agriculture

Students
• Megan Barry, MSc Agric
• Dr Taruvinga Badza
• Dr Flackson Tshuma

Technicians
• Sandra Hull
• Henzel Saul
• Martin la Grange
• Piet Lombard
• S Bobotyana
• Sibulele Nyoka