Why it matters

Cutworms pose a serious threat to maize production, particularly in the early growth stages when damage to seedlings can result in major stand losses. In South Africa’s smallholder systems, limited awareness and delayed interventions worsen the impact. This project aims to provide farmers with practical, integrated tools to manage cutworm populations, drawing on ecological insights, chemical control options, and weed-host dynamics. By tailoring strategies to farmer contexts and improving early detection, the project helps secure yields and reduce reliance on broad-spectrum insecticides that risk harming beneficial species.

Research approach

The research combines field surveys, insecticide trials, and ecological monitoring. Surveys conducted in Limpopo and Mpumalanga focused on farmer knowledge, cutworm occurrence, and seasonal activity patterns. Laboratory and field trials tested various insecticides for effectiveness against Agrotis segetum larvae, including planting-time and rescue treatments. In parallel, the study assessed weed species in and around maize fields to identify alternate cutworm hosts, with a focus on conservation agriculture practices and residue management. A long-term goal is to build a predictive model of cutworm risk based on environmental and field data.

Research impact to farmers

This project supports farmers by offering data-driven, locally tested recommendations for controlling cutworms in maize. Key findings on insecticide efficacy, optimal application timing, and the role of weeds in cutworm persistence are being shared with producers through extension materials and demonstration plots. Farmers now better understand when to scout, which products to use, and how to reduce risk by managing field margins and residues. The integrated approach empowers smallholder and emerging commercial farmers to prevent early-season crop loss and reduce overuse of insecticides, supporting both profitability and environmental sustainability.

Resources

Reports

• Seasonal and site-specific monitoring reports (available on request)
• Insecticide trial data and summary tables
• Interim update to Grain SA and research partners

Articles

• Two articles under development for South African Journal of Plant and Soil and Pest Management Science

Collaborators & Research Leads

• Principal Investigator
• Mr. Johnie Matsane – Tshwane University of Technology (TUT)
• Collaborating Institutions
• Tshwane University of Technology (TUT)
• University of Limpopo (UL)
• Grain SA